Educators' Guide for Pedagogy and Assessment
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Unit: 1. Human Development and Health Care
Health and Social Care
Learning Outcome: 1. I know the organisation of the human body and the interrelationship of major body systems


Organisation: Cells; tissues; organs; systems
Key organs in the body: e.g. skin, heart, lungs, brain, eye, ear, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, testes, uterus.


Systems: e.g.
Circulatory system: heart; blood; blood vessels.
Respiratory system: nose; trachea; bronchi; lungs; alveoli; diaphragm.
Nervous system: brain; spinal cord; nerves.
Renal system: kidneys; ureters; bladder; urethra.
Digestive system: mouth; oesophagus; stomach; small and large intestines; rectum.
Endocrine system: pituitary; thyroid; adrenal; pancreas; hormones.
Musculoskeletal system: bones; joints; ligaments; muscles
Major body systems and their functions: e.g.
- Circulatory system: transport of oxygen, nutrients, waste products and hormones; protection against infection; maintenance of a constant body temperature;
- Respiratory system: maintenance of oxygen supply; excretion of carbon dioxide and water vapour;
- Nervous system: detection, processing of and response to changes in the internal or external body environment;
- Digestive system: ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination of food;
- Renal system: filtering of blood; salt balance; fluid balance;
- Endocrine system: secretion of hormones to maintain balance in the body;
Musculoskeletal system: provides support; movement; protection of vital organs.


Relationships between major body systems: e.g.
- Circulatory and Respiratory systems: transport of inspired oxygen and expired carbon dioxide via the blood to and from all parts of the body;
- Musculoskeletal and nervous systems: to enable physical movement;
- Digestive and endocrine systems: secretion of insulin or glucagon to maintain a constant blood glucose level;
Learning Outcome: 2. I can carry out routine measurements and observations of the human body.


Normal readings of pulse, temperature, breathing rate and blood pressure: e.g. babies, adults, older people.


Signs and Symptoms: observations as appropriate to body systems e.g. skin colour and texture, temperature, breathing rhythm, dizziness, fainting, thirst, coughing and gurgling.


Common reasons: e.g. age, diet, weight, family history, shock, injury, alcohol, drugs, medication, being active/fit, infections, diseases.

Health, safety and accuracy considerations when taking measurements: e.g. accuracy of equipment, duplicate readings, safety and wellbeing of individual during measurements, infection control.

Learning Outcome: 3. I know the key aspects of development and individual needs related to different life stages.


Key aspects of development:
- Physical: e.g. growth, changes at puberty, menopause, ageing;
- Intellectual: e.g. rapid learning in early years, language, moral development, problem solving;
- Emotional: e.g. attachment/bonding, independence, self-confidence;
- Social: e.g. cooperation, teamwork, relationships.
Lifestages: infancy (0 - 3 yrs); childhood (4 - 10 yrs); adolescence (11 - 18 yrs); adulthood (19 - 65 yrs ); old age (65 years onwards)


PIES
Physical: e.g. Balanced diet, exercise, warmth, safety;
Intellectual: e.g. being able to communicate, lifelong learning, problem solving, keeping the brain active and stimulated;
Emotional: e.g. love, affection, relationships, security;
Social: e.g. family, friends, hobbies, community.



Physical needs of a baby or a person with physical impairment;
Feeding; moving and handling; nappy changing.
Learning Outcome: 4. I can understand factors that influence the health and wellbeing of individuals.

- Socio-economic factors: e.g. social class, culture, employment, education, housing;
- Physical factors: e.g. genetic inheritance, disability, age, gender;
- Lifestyle factors: e.g. diet, exercise, smoking / substance misuse, working pattern/stress, social and community networks;
- Health Factors: e.g. infection, sexually transmitted diseases, injury, mental health, presence of chronic disorder.

Life Events: e.g. birth of a sibling/son/daughter, going to nursery/school, employment/ redundancy, marriage/divorce, serious injury, ageing/retirement, bereavement.




Learning Outcome: 5. I can develop a plan to meet the health and wellbeing needs of an individual.


Components: physical fitness; a balanced diet; intellectual stimulation; emotional and social wellbeing.


Targets: SMART
S - Specific
M - Measurable
A - Achievable
R - Realistic
T - Time-related.

